The heat pads have a revolutionary, flexible heating element inside them. They are fixed horizontally to the tank in a ladder formation and once connected to a 24v transformer, they apply heat to the cylinder in horizontal bands heating the hot water to 62°.
Each band is thermostatically controlled and, as the water in the tank heats up the hot water rises to the top. Once the water has reached 62° the heat pads turn off one by one and the water remains at a constant temperature until water is drawn off and cold water re-fills the bottom of the tank.